\def\revtex@ver{1.6}		
\def\revtex@date{19 May 1999}	
\def\revtex@org{PASP}		
\def\revtex@jnl{}		
\def\revtex@genre{conference proceedings}	
\typeout{\revtex@org\space
\ifx\revtex@jnl\@empty\else\revtex@jnl\space\fi
\revtex@genre\space substyle, v\revtex@ver\space <\revtex@date>.}
\def\revtex@pageid{\xdef\@thefnmark{\null}
\@footnotetext{This \revtex@genre\space was prepared with the
\revtex@org\space \revtex@jnl\space Rev\TeX\ macros v\revtex@ver.}}
\ifnum\@ptsize<1
\typeout{Warning: Undersize manuscript font (1\@ptsize\space pts).
	Use 11pt documentstyle option.}
\fi
\def\ps@paspcstitle{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
\def\@oddhead{\null{\footnotesize\it\@slug}\hfil}
\def\@oddfoot{\rm\hfil\thepage\hfil}
\let\@evenhead\@oddhead\let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot
}
\def\ps@myheadings{\let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
\def\@oddhead{\hbox{}\hfil\sl\rightmark\hskip 1in\rm\thepage}%
\def\@oddfoot{}%
\def\@evenhead{\rm\thepage\hskip 1in\sl\leftmark\hfil\hbox{}}%
\def\@evenfoot{}\def\sectionmark##1{}\def\subsectionmark##1{}}
\def\@leftmark#1#2{\sec@upcase{#1}}
\def\@rightmark#1#2{\sec@upcase{#2}}
\textwidth=5.25in
\textheight=8.3in
\headheight=18pt
\headsep=18pt
\topmargin=0in
\footskip=.25in
\oddsidemargin=0.49in
\evensidemargin=0.49in
\parindent=2em
\parskip=.1ex
\def\@singleleading{0.9}
\def\@doubleleading{1.6}
\def\baselinestretch{\@singleleading}
\def\tightenlines{\def\baselinestretch{\@singleleading}}
\def\loosenlines{\def\baselinestretch{\@doubleleading}}
\clubpenalty\@M
\widowpenalty\@M
\def\@journalname{IAU Symposium}
\def\cpr@holder{Astronomical Society of the Pacific}
\def\@jourvol{208}
\def\cpr@year{2001}
\def\vol@title{Astrophysical Supercomputing Using Particles}
\def\vol@author{J. Makino and P. Hut, eds.}
\let\journalid=\@gobbletwo
\let\articleid=\@gobbletwo
\let\received=\@gobble
\let\accepted=\@gobble
\def\@slug{{\tabcolsep\z@\begin{tabular}[t]{l}\vol@title\\
\@journalname, Vol.\ \@jourvol, \cpr@year\\
\vol@author
\end{tabular}}
}
\def\paspconf@frontindent{.45in}
\def\title#1{\vspace*{1.0\baselineskip}
\@tempdima\textwidth \advance\@tempdima by-\paspconf@frontindent
\hfill
\parbox{\@tempdima}
	{\pretolerance=10000\raggedright\large\bf\sec@upcase{#1}}\par
\vspace*{1\baselineskip}\thispagestyle{title}}
\def\author#1{\vspace*{1\baselineskip}
\@tempdima\textwidth \advance\@tempdima by-\paspconf@frontindent
\hfill
\parbox{\@tempdima}
{\pretolerance=10000\raggedright{#1}}\par}
\def\affil#1{\vspace*{.5\baselineskip}
\@tempdima\textwidth \advance\@tempdima by-\paspconf@frontindent
\hfill
\parbox{\@tempdima}
{\pretolerance=10000\raggedright{\it #1}}\par}
\def\altaffilmark#1{$^{#1}$}
\def\altaffiltext#1#2{\footnotetext[#1]{#2}}
\def\abstract{\vspace*{1.3\baselineskip}\bgroup\leftskip\paspconf@frontindent
\noindent{\bf\sec@upcase{Abstract.}}\hskip 1em}
\def\endabstract{\par\egroup\vspace*{1.4\baselineskip}}
\skip\footins 4ex plus 1ex minus .5ex
\footnotesep 3ex
\long\def\@makefntext#1{\noindent\hbox to\z@{\hss$^{\@thefnmark}$}#1}
\def\tablenotemark#1{\rlap{$^{#1}$}}
\def\tablenotetext#1#2{
\@temptokena={\vspace{.5ex}{\noindent\llap{$^{#1}$}#2}\par}
\@temptokenb=\expandafter{\tblnote@list}
\xdef\tblnote@list{\the\@temptokenb\the\@temptokena}}
\def\spewtablenotes{
\ifx\tblnote@list\@empty
\else
\let\@temptokena=\tblnote@list
\gdef\tblnote@list{\@empty}
\vspace{4.5ex}
\footnoterule
\vspace{.5ex}
{\footnotesize\@temptokena}
\fi}
\newtoks\@temptokenb
\def\tblnote@list{}
\def\endtable{\spewtablenotes\end@float}
\@namedef{endtable*}{\spewtablenotes\end@dblfloat}
\let\tableline=\hline
\def\thefigure{\@arabic\c@figure}
\def\fnum@figure{Figure \thefigure.}
\def\thetable{\@arabic\c@table}
\def\fnum@table{Table \thetable.}
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{
\vskip 10pt
\setbox\@tempboxa\hbox{#1\hskip 1.5em #2}
\let\@tempdima=\hsize \advance\@tempdima by -2em
\ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >\@tempdima
	{\leftskip 2em
	#1\hskip 1.5em #2\par}
\else
	\hbox to\hsize{\hskip 2em\box\@tempboxa\hfil}
\fi}
\def\fps@figure{tbp}
\def\fps@table{htbp}
\let\keywords=\@gobble
\let\subjectheadings=\@gobble
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}
\def\upper{\def\sec@upcase##1{\uppercase{##1}}}
\def\sec@upcase#1{\relax#1}
\def\section{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}{-4.2ex plus -1ex minus
-.2ex}{2.2ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\bf}}
\def\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}{-2.2ex plus -1ex minus
-.2ex}{1.1ex plus .2ex}{\normalsize\bf}}

\def\subsubsection{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}{-2.2ex plus
-1ex minus -.2ex}{-1.2em}{\normalsize\it}}
\def\thesection{\@arabic\c@section.}
\def\thesubsection{\thesection\@arabic\c@subsection.}
\def\thesubsubsection{\thesubsection\@arabic\c@subsubsection.}
\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
\def\@svsec{}\else
\refstepcounter{#1}\edef\@svsec{\csname the#1\endcsname\hskip 1em }\fi
\@tempskipa #5\relax
\ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
\begingroup #6\relax
\@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}{\interlinepenalty \@M \sec@upcase{#8}\par}%
\endgroup
\csname #1mark\endcsname{#7}\addcontentsline
{toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
\protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
#7}\else
\def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\@svsec #8\csname #1mark\endcsname
{#7}\addcontentsline
{toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
\protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname}\fi
#7}}\fi
\@xsect{#5}}
\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{\@tempskipa #3\relax
\ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
\begingroup #4\@hangfrom{\hskip #1}{\interlinepenalty \@M \sec@upcase{#5}\par}\endgroup
\else \def\@svsechd{#4\hskip #1\relax #5}\fi
\@xsect{#3}}
\def\acknowledgments{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{1em}
{1ex plus .5ex minus .5ex}{-1em}{\bf}{\sec@upcase{Acknowledgments.}}}

\let\acknowledgements=\acknowledgments			
\def\qanda@heading{Discussion}
\newif\if@firstquestion \@firstquestiontrue
\newenvironment{question}[1]{\if@firstquestion
\section*{\qanda@heading}\global\@firstquestionfalse\fi
\par\vskip 1ex
\noindent{\it#1\/}:}{\par}
\newenvironment{answer}[1]{\par\vskip 1ex
\noindent{\it#1\/}:}{\par}
\def\mathwithsecnums{
\@newctr{equation}[section]
\def\theequation{\hbox{\normalsize\arabic{section}-\arabic{equation}}}}
\def\references{\section*{References}
\bgroup\parindent=0pt\parskip=.5ex
\def\refpar{\par\hangindent=3em\hangafter=1}}
\def\endreferences{\refpar\egroup}
\def\thebibliography{\section*{References}
\list{\null}{\leftmargin 3em\labelwidth 0pt\labelsep 0pt\itemindent -3em
\usecounter{enumi}}
\def\refpar{\relax}
\def\newblock{\hskip .11em plus .33em minus .07em}
\sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000
\sfcode`\.=1000\relax}
\def\endthebibliography{\endlist}
\def\@biblabel#1{\relax}
\def\@cite#1#2{#1\if@tempswa , #2\fi}
\def\reference{\relax\refpar}
\def\@citex[#1]#2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{#2}}\fi
\def\@citea{}\@cite{\@for\@citeb:=#2\do
{\@citea\def\@citea{,\penalty\@m\ }\@ifundefined
{b@\@citeb}{\@warning
{Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}}{#1}}
\let\jnl@style=\rm
\def\ref@jnl#1{{\jnl@style#1\/}}
\def\aj{\ref@jnl{AJ}}			
\def\araa{\ref@jnl{ARA\&A}}		
\def\apj{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}			
\def\apjl{\ref@jnl{ApJ}}		
\def\apjs{\ref@jnl{ApJS}}		
\def\ao{\ref@jnl{Appl.Optics}}		
\def\apss{\ref@jnl{Ap\&SS}}		
\def\aap{\ref@jnl{A\&A}}		
\def\aapr{\ref@jnl{A\&A~Rev.}}		
\def\aaps{\ref@jnl{A\&AS}}		
\def\azh{\ref@jnl{AZh}}			
\def\baas{\ref@jnl{BAAS}}		
\def\jrasc{\ref@jnl{JRASC}}		
\def\memras{\ref@jnl{MmRAS}}		
\def\mnras{\ref@jnl{MNRAS}}		
\def\pra{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.A}}		
\def\prb{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.B}}		
\def\prc{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.C}}		
\def\prd{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.D}}		
\def\prl{\ref@jnl{Phys.Rev.Lett}}	
\def\pasp{\ref@jnl{PASP}}		
\def\pasj{\ref@jnl{PASJ}}		
\def\qjras{\ref@jnl{QJRAS}}		
\def\skytel{\ref@jnl{S\&T}}		
\def\solphys{\ref@jnl{Solar~Phys.}}	
\def\sovast{\ref@jnl{Soviet~Ast.}}	
\def\ssr{\ref@jnl{Space~Sci.Rev.}}	
\def\zap{\ref@jnl{ZAp}}			
\let\astap=\aap
\let\apjlett=\apjl
\let\apjsupp=\apjs
\def\deg{\hbox{$^\circ$}}
\def\sun{\hbox{$\odot$}}
\def\earth{\hbox{$\oplus$}}
\def\la{\mathrel{\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{\lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$<$}}}}
\def\ga{\mathrel{\hbox{\rlap{\hbox{\lower4pt\hbox{$\sim$}}}\hbox{$>$}}}}
\def\sq{\hbox{\rlap{$\sqcap$}$\sqcup$}}
\def\arcmin{\hbox{$^\prime$}}
\def\arcsec{\hbox{$^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\fd{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm d}$}}
\def\fh{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm h}$}}
\def\fm{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm m}$}}
\def\fs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\rm s}$}}
\def\fdg{\hbox{$.\!\!^\circ$}}
\def\farcm{\hbox{$.\mkern-4mu^\prime$}}
\def\farcs{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\prime\prime}$}}
\def\fp{\hbox{$.\!\!^{\scriptscriptstyle\rm p}$}}
\def\micron{\hbox{$\mu$m}}
\def\onehalf{\hbox{$\,^1\!/_2$}}	
\def\onethird{\hbox{$\,^1\!/_3$}}
\def\twothirds{\hbox{$\,^2\!/_3$}}
\def\onequarter{\hbox{$\,^1\!/_4$}}
\def\threequarters{\hbox{$\,^3\!/_4$}}
\def\ubvr{\hbox{$U\!BV\!R$}}		
\def\ub{\hbox{$U\!-\!B$}}		
\def\bv{\hbox{$B\!-\!V$}}		
\def\vr{\hbox{$V\!-\!R$}}		
\def\ur{\hbox{$U\!-\!R$}}		
\newcount\lecurrentfam
\def\LaTeX{\lecurrentfam=\the\fam \leavevmode L\raise.42ex
\hbox{$\fam\lecurrentfam\scriptstyle\kern-.3em A$}\kern-.15em\TeX}
\def\plotone#1{\centering \leavevmode
\epsfxsize=\textwidth \epsfbox{#1}}
\def\plottwo#1#2{\centering \leavevmode
\epsfxsize=.45\textwidth \epsfbox{#1} \hfil
\epsfxsize=.45\textwidth \epsfbox{#2}}
\def\plotfiddle#1#2#3#4#5#6#7{\centering \leavevmode
\vbox to#2{\rule{0pt}{#2}}
\special{psfile=#1 voffset=#7 hoffset=#6 vscale=#5 hscale=#4 angle=#3}}
\newif\if@finalstyle \@finalstyletrue
\if@finalstyle
\ps@myheadings		
\let\ps@title=\ps@paspcstitle	
\else
\ps@plain			
\let\ps@title=\ps@plain	
\fi
\ds@twoside